Insights
Carbon articles for practitioners
We cover the practical side of LCA and EPD, carbon removal, and Catena-X, with sources cited. When regulations change, we revise our articles, and every article keeps its update history.
Featured articles
Catena-X field guideAI-generated illustration
Seven things to know when calculating PCFs under the Catena-X PCF Rulebook v4
Korea’s EPD program: certification costs, timelines, and how it differs from the Korea Eco-Label
All articles
Articles marked “Coming soon” are published one by one, following our editorial calendar.
BiCRSAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
What is BiCRS? The main pathways for biomass carbon removal and storage, and how their durability compares
PyrolysisAI-generated illustrationCarbon practice notes
Pyrolysis oil from waste plastic film: the LCA questions versus incineration and recycling
ERW MRVAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
How ERW removals are measured: from soil and porewater samples to losses in rivers
ERWAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
Enhanced rock weathering (ERW) 101: candidate feedstocks in Korea and why MRV is hard
BECCSAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
BECCS at biomass power plants: when it earns carbon removal credits, and when it doesn’t
BiocharAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
Biochar pyrolysis explained: how temperature and residence time shape H/Corg and removals
BiCRS MRVAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
MRV for BiCRS projects: managing feedstock eligibility, counterfactual scenarios and reversal risk
BECCSAI-generated illustrationHidden carbon removal assets
Calculating BECCS net removals: from captured CO₂ to supply-chain emissions, energy penalties and storage monitoring
CATENA-XAI-generated illustrationCatena-X field guide
Seven things to know when calculating PCFs under the Catena-X PCF Rulebook v4
LCA & EPD
Regulatory radar
Korea’s EPD program: certification costs, timelines, and how it differs from the Korea Eco-Label
CDR
Hidden carbon removal assets
What it takes for fermentation CO₂ from ethanol distilleries and bioethanol plants to count as carbon removal: capture, storage, and durability requirements
CBAM
Regulatory radar
CBAM definitive period checklist: the 50-tonne threshold, buying certificates (February 2027), and the first annual declaration (September 30, 2027)
PCF
Carbon practice notes
Calculating a product carbon footprint (PCF) from a BOM plus electricity and gas bills: what counts as “primary data”?
dMRV
dMRV engineering log
What is digital MRV (dMRV)? Turning carbon removal into verifiable data with sensors and edge computers
EDC
Catena-X field guide
What is an EDC connector? The architecture for exchanging PCFs with customers while retaining data sovereignty
CDR
Hidden carbon removal assets
What is carbon dioxide removal (CDR)? How removal credits differ from reduction credits, and how to read “durability”
Q&A
LCA clinic Q&A
Q. Can I allocate carbon footprints to individual products with just an electricity bill?
Glossary
One-minute glossary
30 LCA and PCF terms: functional unit, system boundary, allocation, cut-off, PDS, DQR
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One-minute glossary
Start with the unfamiliar acronyms
Select a term in any article to see the same definition in a tooltip.
- LCA
- Life cycle assessment. A method for quantifying a product’s environmental impacts from raw material extraction to disposal (ISO 14040/14044).
- EPD
- Environmental product declaration. An environmental declaration that discloses LCA results after third-party verification. In Korea, the program is operated by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI).
- PCF
- Product carbon footprint. The greenhouse gas emissions of one unit of a product (ISO 14067).
- PDS
- Primary data share. The share of contributions for which both the activity data and the emission factor are primary data (Catena-X Rulebook).
- dMRV
- Digital measurement, reporting and verification. A system that collects data through sensors and edge devices and keeps it as verifiable records.
- EDC
- A connector built on Eclipse Dataspace Components: software for exchanging data in Catena-X while preserving data sovereignty.
Carbon Practice Briefing, every other Monday
A three-line regulatory radar, one practice note, and one number. You can choose to receive only the topics that interest you.