Standards Map

Carbon and environmental standards map

Start from your goal to find the international standards and rules you need for product carbon footprints, EPDs, corporate greenhouse gas accounting, and carbon removal MRV, and see how they connect.

47 ISO standards23 rules and schemesAs of

Find by goalView the full list

From calculation to claims: the order in which standards apply

  1. CalculationISO 14064-2 · ISO 14067 · GHG Protocol Product Standard17
  2. Rules and methodologiesISO/TS 14027 · Catena-X PCF Rulebook · EBC10
  3. Review, verification, and testingISO 14064-3 · ISO 14071 · ISO/IEC 170258
  4. Labels, claims, and disclosureISO 14025 · K-EPD · ISO 1402016

Before you start

A standard is not a certification

ISO documents are not all checked the same way. Sorting them into five types, by who checks what, keeps them straight.

A common misconceptionPeople often talk about “ISO 14067 certification,” but ISO 14067 is a standard that defines how to calculate. Results are confirmed through third-party verification by a verification body or through registration with an EPD program.

Find by goal

What do you need to do?

Choose a goal to see the standards and rules you need, in order. Select a name to jump to its description in the full list below.

Calculate a product carbon footprint (PCF)

WhenWhen customers or export markets ask for product-level GHG figures

  1. LCA framework

    The common process: goal and scope, inventory, impact assessment, interpretation, and reporting

  2. Carbon footprint calculation

    Covers climate change impact only. Offsetting and external communication are out of scope.

  3. Product category and customer rules

    Check additional requirements in the PCR or the standard your customer specifies (GHG Protocol, PACT)

  4. Review and verification

    LCA critical review (14071) or third-party verification (14064-3). Requirements for verification bodies are in 14065.

  5. Communicate results

    Principles, requirements, and verification procedures for communicating footprint figures externally

Where greenMRV helps LCA & EPD Automation

Obtain an EPD or a Korean EPD

WhenWhen project owners, construction projects, or overseas customers require an EPD

  1. Choose a program

    Korea’s EPD program (operated by KEITI) for the Korean market; abroad, an EPD program recognized in your sales market

  2. Product category rules (PCR)

    Apply the program’s PCR. For construction products, EN 15804 (Europe) and ISO 21930 are the common rules.

  3. Conduct the LCA

    A life cycle assessment using the declared unit, system boundary, and indicators set by the PCR

  4. Verification or certification review

    Overseas EPDs are independently verified under program rules; in Korea, KEITI conducts a certification review

  5. Registration and mutual recognition

    Register with the program and publish. For recognition by programs in other countries, check mutual recognition agreements.

Where greenMRV helps LCA & EPD Automation

Exchange PCF data with automakers and customers

WhenWhen an automaker or Tier 1 supplier requests part PCFs as data

  1. Calculation basis

    The international standards that supply chain rules build on. Scope is usually cradle-to-gate.

  2. Cross-industry methodology

    PACT Methodology v3 (April 2025): rules for calculating and exchanging cradle-to-gate PCFs

  3. Automotive rules

    Catena-X PCF Rulebook v4 (September 2025): adds automotive supply chain rules to ISO 14067 and 14044

  4. Data exchange

    Send PCF values together with information on the methods applied, using a defined data model

  5. Verification (if required)

    Check customer requirements and the Catena-X verification framework to see whether and how to verify

Where greenMRV helps Catena-X & PCF

Prepare MRV for carbon removal credits

WhenWhen turning a biochar, enhanced rock weathering, or biogenic CO₂ storage project into credits

  1. Program and methodology

    Eligibility, equations, and monitoring set by the methodology. EBC sets standards for biochar production and quality.

  2. Project design

    A common framework for baselines, sources, sinks, and monitoring plans. Isometric requires PDDs to follow it.

  3. Measurement and testing

    Sample analyses and measurement evidence should come from competent laboratories. For geological storage, also check the storage site requirements.

  4. Third-party verification

    Verification is performed by a VVB. Puro and Isometric use VVBs accredited under ISO 14065 or similar standards.

  5. Credit issuance

    The registry reviews verification results and issues credits. Under the EU CRCF, certified units are issued after a certification body audit.

Where greenMRV helps CDR Origination

Calculate and disclose corporate GHG emissions (Scope 1, 2, and 3)

WhenWhen you need company-wide emissions for disclosure, customer questionnaires, or reduction targets

  1. Calculation standards

    Set organizational boundaries and emission sources. Entities covered by an emissions trading scheme report separately under government guidelines.

  2. Scope 2 and 3

    Apply the Scope 2 Guidance to purchased electricity and heat, and the Scope 3 Standard to indirect value chain emissions

  3. Third-party verification

    A verification body verifies the inventory. For remote verification activities, see the ISO 14064-5 guidance.

  4. Disclosure

    IFRS S2 requires measurement under the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard in principle (with exceptions where a jurisdiction requires otherwise)

Prepare emissions data for EU CBAM

WhenWhen exporting CBAM-covered goods such as iron and steel or aluminum to the EU

  1. Check coverage

    Use CN codes to check whether your goods fall under cement, iron and steel, aluminum, fertilizers, electricity, or hydrogen

  2. Installation-level calculation

    Calculate embedded emissions at the production installation under CBAM rules. A product PCF or EPD cannot be used instead.

  3. Pass data to the importer

    The EU importer files the declaration. The first annual declaration, covering 2026, is due September 30, 2027.

  4. Verify actual values

    If actual emissions are used, an accredited verifier verifies them. Default values are not subject to verification.

  5. Keep separate from PCF

    Even from the same activity data, CBAM values and product PCFs use different boundaries and rules, so calculate them separately

Where greenMRV helps LCA & EPD Automation

Make carbon-neutral or eco-friendly claims

WhenWhen putting environmental claims on product packaging, in advertising, or in reports

  1. Common principles

    Principles for all environmental statements about products, including self-declared claims, ecolabels, EPDs, and footprint information

  2. Self-declared claims

    Requirements and supporting documentation for environmental claims a company makes itself (text, symbols, images)

  3. Communicate with figures and labels

    Footprint figures: 14026. Ecolabel programs: 14024. Verified EPDs: 14025.

  4. Carbon neutrality claims

    Reduce first, and offset only what remains. From September 27, 2026, the EU bans product neutrality claims that rely on offsetting.

  5. Labeling and advertising in Korea

    Check Korea’s environmental labeling and advertising rules (substantiation may be requested). For a certified label, use the Korea Eco-Label.

Set up environmental and energy management systems

WhenWhen customers or tenders require ISO 14001 certification or energy management

  1. Environmental management system

    Once the system is in place, certification by a certification body is optional. The 2026 edition was published in April 2026.

  2. Environmental performance evaluation

    Guidance on designing and using environmental performance indicators. Not a certification standard.

  3. Energy management

    An energy management system, plus energy performance indicators (EnPIs) and baselines (EnBs)

  4. Performance measurement and verification

    General principles and guidance for measuring and verifying (M&V) energy performance improvements

Relationship map

From calculation to claims: how standards connect

From top to bottom: foundational principles, calculation, rules, review and verification, labels and claims, and management systems. Select a name to jump to its description in the full list.Select a chip to highlight that standard together with the standards connected to it.

  • ISO standards
  • Rules, programs and regulations
  • Selected
  • Connected standards

Foundational principles

Shared principles, procedures, and data documentation for life cycle assessment (LCA)

Rules and methodologies

Product category rules (PCR), program methodologies, and supply chain data exchange rules

Review, verification, and testing

Procedures for third-party checks of calculations and measurements, and requirements for verification bodies and laboratories

Management systems and beyond

Environmental and energy management systems, circular economy, climate adaptation, and biodiversity

Full list

What each one covers, and when you need it

For each standard and rule: what it covers, when you need it, what it is often confused with, and how it is checked. Editions and statuses are as of the check date shown on each card.

01Foundational principles3

ISO 14040:2006/Amd 1:2020

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework

Principles and framework for life cycle assessment (LCA): goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, interpretation, reporting, and critical review

When
When planning a study of the life cycle environmental impacts of a product or service
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not specify detailed LCA techniques or calculation methods for individual phases
How it’s checked
Method or guidance A principles document, not a certification standard; LCA studies can undergo critical review under ISO 14071
Edition
Confirmed in the 2022 systematic review—no revision in progress
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

ISO 14044:2006/Amd 1:2017/Amd 2:2020

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidelines

Requirements and guidelines for LCA goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, interpretation, reporting, and critical review

When
When conducting a product LCA and writing up the results
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Detailed calculation rules for product categories (PCR) are covered by ISO/TS 14027 and EPD programs
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Not a certification standard; LCA results can undergo critical review under ISO 14071
Edition
Confirmed in the 2022 systematic review—no revision in progress
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

ISO/TS 14048:2002

Method or guidanceTechnical Specification (TS)

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Data documentation format

Requirements and structure for a data documentation format that records and exchanges LCA and life cycle inventory (LCI) data transparently

When
When recording and exchanging information on LCA and LCI data collection, calculation, and quality in a consistent way
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not set data completeness requirements or prescribe any specific software or database format
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2025 systematic review
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

02Calculation17

ISO 14064-2:2019

Third-party verificationUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Part 2: Specification with guidance at the project level for quantification, monitoring and reporting of greenhouse gas emission reductions or removal enhancements

Principles, requirements, and guidance for planning, monitoring, quantifying, and reporting GHG emission reductions and removal enhancements at project level

When
When quantifying the baseline and results of a reduction or removal project, such as biochar
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Verification is covered by ISO 14064-3, and credits are issued by registries
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Project plans are validated and results verified (ISO 14064-3)—the standard itself is not a certification
Edition
Revision in progress (ISO/WD 14064-2.2)—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

ISO 14067:2018

Third-party verificationUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for quantifying and reporting the carbon footprint of a product (CFP) and partial CFP, consistent with the LCA standards (ISO 14040 and 14044)

When
When customers or export markets ask for a product carbon footprint (PCF) figure
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover impacts other than climate change, carbon offsetting, or external communication of carbon footprint information
How it’s checked
Third-party verification There is no “ISO 14067 certificate”; instead, a third party verifies or reviews the calculated footprint
Edition
Revision at working draft stage (ISO/WD 14067.2; comment period closed May 2026)—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

GHG Protocol Product Standard 2011 edition

Third-party verificationUnder revisionProduct accounting standard

Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard

Requirements and guidance for quantifying and reporting the life cycle GHG emissions and removals of a single product (cradle-to-gate for intermediate products whose end use is unknown)

When
When a customer asks for a product carbon footprint based on the GHG Protocol, or when applying it alongside ISO 14067
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover results reduced through offsets or avoided emissions, or carbon neutrality claims
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Requires first- or third-party assurance of product inventories
Edition
A joint GHG Protocol–ISO working group is revising the product standard to align with ISO 14067—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

ISO 14046:2014

Third-party verificationInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Water footprint — Principles, requirements and guidelines

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for assessing and reporting the water footprint of products, processes, and organizations, based on LCA

When
When assessing the environmental impacts of water use and discharges for a product or an organization
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover communicating water footprint results through labels or declarations
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Not a certification standard; assessment results can undergo critical review following ISO 14071
Edition
Systematic review opened in October 2025 and closed in March 2026; decision pending—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14064-1:2018

Third-party verificationUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Part 1: Specification with guidance at the organization level for quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and removals

Principles and requirements for quantifying and reporting GHG emissions and removals at organization level, and for designing, managing, reporting, and verifying inventories

When
When preparing a company- or site-level GHG inventory and having it verified
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Product carbon footprints (ISO 14067) and reduction or removal projects (ISO 14064-2) are covered separately
How it’s checked
Third-party verification The inventory is verified under ISO 14064-3—the standard itself is not a certification
Edition
Revision in progress (ISO/WD 14064-1.2)—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14072:2024

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Requirements and guidance for organizational life cycle assessment

Additional requirements and guidance for organizational LCA, applying ISO 14040 and 14044 at organization level

When
When assessing the life cycle environmental impacts of a whole company or site rather than a single product
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Published as an International Standard (IS) in October 2024, replacing ISO/TS 14072:2014
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14083:2023

Third-party verificationInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions arising from transport chain operations

A common methodology for quantifying and reporting GHG emissions from passenger and freight transport chain operations

When
When calculating and reporting GHG emissions from freight and passenger transport and logistics services
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Not a certification standard; calculated and reported transport emissions can be verified by a third party
Edition
Replaced IWA 16:2015—no revision in progress
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 27914:2026

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage — Geological storage

Requirements for site selection, characterization, design, operation, and closure preparation for geological storage of CO₂ streams, and a method for calculating the net quantity (mass) stored

When
When evaluating a project to store captured CO₂, including biomass-derived CO₂, in geological formations
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Excludes storage linked to EOR (ISO 27916) and the post-closure period
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Technical requirements for storage projects—credit issuance and verification follow the requirements of each program or regulatory regime
Edition
Replaces ISO 27914:2017 (published March 2026)
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

EU PEF Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279

Third-party verificationEU recommendation

Commission Recommendation (EU) 2021/2279 of 15 December 2021 on the use of the Environmental Footprint methods to measure and communicate the life cycle environmental performance of products and organisations

Common EU methods for calculating and communicating the life cycle environmental impacts of products (PEF) and organizations (OEF) across multiple impact categories, with a recommendation to use category rules (PEFCRs)

When
When EU customers ask for multi-impact results using the PEF method or data based on a PEFCR
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
A non-binding recommendation that does not in itself create any labeling obligation
How it’s checked
Third-party verification The PEF method (Annex I) includes procedures for verifying and validating studies and reports
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

GHG Protocol Corporate Standard 2004 revised edition

Third-party verificationUnder revisionCorporate accounting standard

The Greenhouse Gas Protocol: A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard (Revised Edition)

Principles and requirements for quantifying and reporting a company’s or organization’s GHG inventory within its organizational and operational boundaries (Scope 1 and 2 reporting required)

When
When customers, investors, or disclosure standards require company-wide Scope 1 and 2 emissions
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover product carbon footprints (PCF)
How it’s checked
Third-party verification The GHG Protocol does not certify or verify. Inventories are verified by verification bodies under ISO 14064-3 or similar standards.
Edition
Being revised into a joint corporate standard integrated with ISO 14064-1 (public consultation on the draft expected in Q2 2027, publication in Q4 2028)—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance 2015 edition

Third-party verificationUnder revisionCorporate accounting guidance

GHG Protocol Scope 2 Guidance: An amendment to the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard

Requirements for calculating and reporting indirect emissions from purchased electricity, steam, heat, and cooling (Scope 2) using both the location-based and market-based methods

When
When reporting market-based Scope 2 that reflects renewable energy contracts such as RECs and PPAs
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Third-party verification No separate certification; Scope 2 emissions are checked as part of corporate inventory verification
Edition
Public consultation (October 20, 2025–January 31, 2026) has closed, and the results will feed into the joint corporate standard being developed with ISO—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

GHG Protocol Scope 3 Standard 2011 edition

Third-party verificationUnder revisionCorporate accounting standard

Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard

Requirements for calculating and reporting indirect emissions (Scope 3) across 15 value chain categories, such as purchased goods, transportation, and the use and end-of-life treatment of sold products

When
When customers ask suppliers for emissions data or product PCFs to calculate their supply chain emissions
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Rules for calculating suppliers’ product-level PCFs are set by the Product Standard, PACT, and others
How it’s checked
Third-party verification The GHG Protocol does not verify. Whether third-party assurance is obtained is up to the company or the applicable disclosure regime.
Edition
Being revised into a joint corporate standard integrated with ISO 14064-1 (public consultation on the draft expected in Q2 2027)—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14033:2019

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Quantitative environmental information — Guidelines and examples

Guidelines and examples for systematically defining, collecting, processing, interpreting, presenting, and reviewing quantitative environmental information

When
When designing a system that makes environmental data accurate, verifiable, and reliable
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2024 systematic review—this edition replaced ISO/TS 14033:2012
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 27916:2026

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and storage — Carbon dioxide storage using enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR)

Requirements for demonstrating that a CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) site and its operations can contain CO₂ over the long term, and for quantifying the amount stored

When
When you need to quantify and demonstrate how much of the CO₂ injected during EOR is stored
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Excludes storage without hydrocarbon production (ISO 27914) and life cycle emissions
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Requirements for quantifying stored CO₂—whether it qualifies for credits is up to each program
Edition
Replaces ISO 27916:2019 (published June 2026)
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO/TR 27915:2017

Method or guidanceTechnical Report (TR)

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Quantification and verification

A literature review of good practice for quantifying and verifying GHG emissions and reductions from CCS projects across capture, transport, and storage

When
When identifying quantification and verification issues for a CO₂ capture and storage project early on
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
A Technical Report (TR) reviewing the literature; it sets no requirements
How it’s checked
Method or guidance A Technical Report for reference—not in itself a basis for certification or verification
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

ISO/TR 27923:2022

Method or guidanceTechnical Report (TR)

Carbon dioxide capture, transportation and geological storage — Injection operations, infrastructure and monitoring

A state-of-the-art overview of CO₂ injection facilities and operating practices, monitoring methods including baseline measurements, and quantification tools and their accuracy

When
When reviewing the monitoring plan and measurement methods for a storage site
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
A Technical Report (TR) summarizing current practice; it sets no requirements
How it’s checked
Method or guidance A Technical Report for reference—not in itself a basis for certification or verification
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

ISO/TS 14064-4:2025

Method or guidanceRecently publishedTechnical Specification (TS)

Greenhouse gases — Part 4: Guidance for the application of ISO 14064-1

Guidance on applying ISO 14064-1: setting organizational boundaries (control or equity share approach) and reporting boundaries, quantifying direct and indirect emissions, and reporting transparently

When
When setting the boundaries of an ISO 14064-1 inventory and deciding how to quantify indirect emissions
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
The requirements are in ISO 14064-1—this document does not replace it
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Application guidance—inventories are quantified under ISO 14064-1 and verified under ISO 14064-3
Edition
Replaces ISO/TR 14069:2013 (published November 2025)
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

03Rules and methodologies10

ISO/TS 14027:2017

Method or guidanceTechnical Specification (TS)

Environmental labels and declarations — Development of product category rules

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for developing, reviewing, registering, and updating product category rules (PCR) within EPD and footprint communication programs

When
When looking for the right PCR for a product category, or taking part in developing or reviewing one
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance The document itself is not a certification standard; PCRs are reviewed and registered within each program
Edition
Confirmed in 2023; systematic review in progress since July 2026—current edition remains valid
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

Catena-X PCF Rulebook v4.0

Third-party verificationUnder revisionIndustry PCF calculation rules

Catena-X Product Carbon Footprint Rulebook

Industry rules, based on ISO 14067, for calculating cradle-to-gate PCFs in the automotive supply chain, covering cut-off, allocation, electricity, primary data share, and more

When
When European automakers or Tier 1 suppliers ask you to submit part PCFs via Catena-X
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
The data model and exchange API are defined in a separate standard, CX-0136
How it’s checked
Third-party verification The Rulebook does not cover verification, which follows the Catena-X/TfS PCF Verification and Certification Framework (v2.0)
Edition
The current release (CX-Titan) contains v4.0 (published September 2025), and v4.1 is posted in the preview release (CX-Neptune). The transition period runs until the end of 2027.
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Catena-X & PCFChecked

EBC v10.5E

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedBiochar certification standard

European Biochar Certificate

A certification standard for biochar feedstocks, the pyrolysis process, and emissions control, with quality grades by end use (including contaminant limits)

When
When producing or selling biochar, or when a carbon removal project must meet biochar quality requirements
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
C-Sink (carbon sink) certification is covered by a separate standard
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Operated by Carbon Standards International; production facilities undergo annual third-party on-site inspections
Edition
Current version published September 15, 2025
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

EU CRCF (EU) 2024/3012

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedEU regulation

Regulation (EU) 2024/3012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2024 establishing a Union certification framework for permanent carbon removals, carbon farming and carbon storage in products

A voluntary framework for quantifying and certifying carbon removals, carbon farming, and carbon storage in products against common EU quality criteria and certification methodologies

When
When a biochar, BECCS, or other carbon removal project is preparing for EU certification, or buyers ask about CRCF compliance
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
A separate scheme from EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) allowances
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Third-party certification bodies confirm compliance through audits; certified units are issued by the registries of certification schemes recognized by the European Commission
Edition
Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/285 on DACCS, BioCCS, and biochar methodologies was adopted on February 3, 2026; carbon farming methodologies followed in July 2026. Recognition of certification schemes is under review.
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

Isometric Standard v2.1

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedCredit program

Isometric Standard

Common requirements, such as additionality, durability, buffers, and verification, for carbon removal and reduction projects (applied together with pathway-specific protocols for biochar, enhanced rock weathering, and more)

When
When seeking credit issuance on the Isometric Registry for a biochar, ERW, or similar project
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance An accredited VVB carries out validation and verification, after which Isometric issues credits on its registry
Edition
Version 2.1, according to the registry’s main page. The Biochar Production and Storage protocol v1.3 and the Enhanced Weathering in Agriculture protocol v1.2 are published.
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

PACT Methodology v3.0

Third-party verificationRecently publishedPCF calculation and exchange methodology

Methodology for Calculating and Exchanging Cradle-to-Gate Product Carbon Footprints (PCFs)

WBCSD’s PACT Methodology, which sets calculation rules for cradle-to-gate PCFs exchanged in supply chains and is used together with the data exchange Technical Specifications (v3.0.3)

When
When customers request part or material PCFs in PACT format, or when preparing for system-to-system PCF exchange
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
The use and end-of-life stages (cradle-to-grave) are out of scope
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Specifies that PCFs are verified by an independent third party, and sets out a roadmap toward PCF program certification after 2030
Edition
Released April 30, 2025 (amended December 2025), replacing v2. Data exchange Technical Specifications v3.0.3 (November 18, 2025).
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Catena-X & PCFChecked

Puro Standard General Rules v4.4

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedCredit program

Puro Standard General Rules

Program rules for engineered carbon removal, such as biochar, enhanced rock weathering, and geological storage, covering eligibility, net removal calculation, monitoring, and CORC issuance requirements

When
When seeking Puro.earth CO₂ Removal Certificates (CORCs) for a biochar or ERW project
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover emission reduction or avoidance credits
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance An independent auditor conducts site checks and verification; Puro.earth then issues a CORC on the Puro Registry for each verified tonne
Edition
General Rules v4.4 (May 2026). The current biochar methodology is the 2025 edition (V2); the audit transition period for the 2022 edition has ended.
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

ISO 21930:2017

Program registration and issuanceInternational Standard (IS)

Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product declarations of construction products and services

Core product category rules (core PCR) for EPDs of construction products and services, supplementing ISO 14025, with principles and requirements for preparing them

When
When preparing an EPD for building materials or other construction products
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover the assessment of social or economic impacts at product level
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Construction product EPDs are registered and published through EPD programs operating under ISO 14025
Edition
Confirmed in the 2023 systematic review—no revision in progress
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)LCA & EPD AutomationChecked

EN 15804+A2:2019/AC:2021

Program registration and issuanceCore rules for construction EPDs

Sustainability of construction works — Environmental product declarations — Core rules for the product category of construction products

Europe’s common core product category rules (core PCR) for construction product EPDs, defining information modules (A–D), environmental impact indicators, calculation rules, and reporting format

When
When supplying building materials to projects in Europe or other overseas markets and being asked for an EN 15804-based EPD
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
EPD verification and registration follow each EPD program’s operating rules
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance EN 15804-based EPDs are third-party verified, then registered and published by an EPD program
Edition
The current version incorporates amendments A1 and A2 and the 2021 corrigendum (AC:2021)
Related
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EU CBAM (EU) 2023/956

Third-party verificationUnder revisionEU regulation

Regulation (EU) 2023/956 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 establishing a carbon border adjustment mechanism

Requires embedded emissions in iron and steel, aluminum, cement, fertilizers, hydrogen, and electricity imported into the EU to be declared, and a matching number of CBAM certificates to be purchased and surrendered

When
When you export covered goods to the EU and your EU importer requests installation-level embedded emissions data
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Calculation boundaries differ from those of a product life cycle carbon footprint (PCF)
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Using actual emissions requires verification by an accredited third-party verifier
Edition
The definitive period began January 1, 2026. The simplification amendment (EU) 2025/2083 introduced an annual 50 t threshold, and certificate sales start February 1, 2027. A proposed amendment extending coverage to downstream products is under discussion.
Related
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04Review, verification, and testing8

ISO 14064-3:2019

Third-party verificationInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Part 3: Specification with guidance for the verification and validation of greenhouse gas statements

Principles, requirements, and guidance for verifying and validating GHG statements (applies to organization, project, and product statements)

When
When having calculated GHG results confirmed through third-party verification or validation
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Requirements for verification bodies are in ISO 14065; quantification methods are in ISO 14064-1, ISO 14064-2, and ISO 14067
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Verification bodies issue verification or validation opinions under this standard—it is not a standard that awards certificates
Edition
Confirmed in the August 2024 systematic review—unlike Parts 1 and 2, there is no revision project at ISO
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)CDR OriginationChecked

ISO 14071:2024

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Critical review processes and reviewer competencies

Critical review processes for all types of LCA study, and the competencies reviewers need, supplementing ISO 14040 and 14044

When
When having LCA or carbon footprint results reviewed before publishing them or using them in comparative assertions
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Not a certification standard; also applicable to reviews of studies under LCA-based standards such as ISO 14025, 14046, and 14067
Edition
Published as an International Standard (IS) in October 2024, replacing ISO/TS 14071:2014
Related
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ISO/IEC 17025:2017

AccreditationInternational Standard (IS)

General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories

General requirements for testing and calibration laboratories to demonstrate competence, impartiality, and consistent operation

When
When using lab analyses of biochar, soil, or rock samples as MRV evidence
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Not a standard for certifying products or projects—it covers the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
How it’s checked
Accreditation Testing and calibration laboratories are accredited against this standard by accreditation bodies—the basis for trusting measurement results
Edition
Confirmed in the August 2023 systematic review
Related
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ISO 14064-5:2026

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Greenhouse gases — Part 5: Guidance on activities and techniques used remotely in conducting verification and validation of greenhouse gas statements

Guidance on planning, risk assessment, and conduct of activities and techniques used remotely in verifying and validating GHG statements

When
When preparing for remote verification, either without a site visit or alongside one
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover on-site activities (remote activities and techniques only)
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Guidance on how verification is carried out—applicable to first-, second-, and third-party verification and validation
Edition
First edition published February 2026
Related
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ISO 14065:2020

AccreditationInternational Standard (IS)

General principles and requirements for bodies validating and verifying environmental information

Principles and requirements for bodies that verify and validate statements of environmental information (the sector application of ISO/IEC 17029)

When
When choosing a verification body or checking its scope of accreditation
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
The verification process itself is covered by verification standards such as ISO 14064-3
How it’s checked
Accreditation Accreditation bodies accredit verification bodies against this standard together with ISO/IEC 17029
Edition
Confirmed in the March 2026 systematic review
Related
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ISO/IEC 17029:2019

AccreditationInternational Standard (IS)

Conformity assessment — General principles and requirements for validation and verification bodies

General principles and requirements, applicable across all sectors, for the competence, consistent operation, and impartiality of validation and verification bodies

When
When you want to understand the common requirements for validation and verification bodies and the basis for their accreditation
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not apply to testing, inspection, or certification activities
How it’s checked
Accreditation Can serve as the basis on which accreditation bodies accredit verification bodies, with sector-specific program requirements added
Edition
Confirmed in the March 2025 systematic review
Related
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ICVCM CCP v1.1

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedCredit quality benchmark

Core Carbon Principles, Assessment Framework and Assessment Procedure

The 10 Core Carbon Principles for high-quality carbon credits, and the criteria and procedure for assessing crediting programs and methodologies (credit categories) against them

When
When buyers ask about credit quality, or when checking whether a project’s methodology is CCP-Approved
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not itself verify individual projects or issue credits
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance ICVCM assesses programs (CCP-Eligible) and methodologies (CCP-Approved); credits are issued by each program’s registry
Edition
CCP Book v1.1 (revised May 2024). As of August 2026, 13 programs, including Isometric and Puro.earth, are CCP-Eligible.
Related
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ISO 14066:2023

AccreditationInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental information — Competence requirements for teams validating and verifying environmental information

Competence requirements for teams that verify and validate environmental information, including technical experts, and for independent reviewers

When
When checking that a verification team has the right competence for the sector
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Requirements for how bodies operate and safeguard impartiality are in ISO 14065 and ISO/IEC 17029
How it’s checked
Accreditation Teams are not accredited separately—the verification body manages team competence under ISO 14065 (clause 7.3)
Edition
Second edition (August 2023), replacing ISO 14066:2011
Related
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05Labels, claims, and disclosure16

ISO 14025:2026

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental statements and programmes for products — Environmental product declarations (EPDs)

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for EPD programs and environmental product declarations (EPDs), which are prepared using LCA under ISO 14040 and 14044

When
When turning LCA results into an EPD and registering and publishing it with an EPD program
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Sector-specific rules, such as for construction products, are in separate ISO documents (e.g., ISO 21930)
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance The EPD program operator registers and publishes EPDs under its own operating rules
Edition
Replaces ISO 14025:2006 (Type III environmental declarations)—published June 2026 with a new title
Related
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K-EPD

Program registration and issuanceKorean certification scheme

Certification of Environmental Product Declaration (Korea)

Korea’s EPD (Type III) program, which certifies and labels a product’s life cycle environmental impacts, from raw material extraction to disposal, as figures in 7 impact categories, including carbon footprint

When
When you must give project owners or customers certified figures on a product’s life cycle environmental performance
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Different from the Korea Eco-Label, which recognizes products with superior environmental performance
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance The Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI), as the certification body, reviews and certifies products (certification valid for 3 years); participation is voluntary
Edition
Legal basis: Article 18 of the Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act. Competent ministry: Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment.
Related
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ISO 14020:2022

Method or guidanceUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental statements and programmes for products — Principles and general requirements

Principles and general requirements common to environmental statements for products and their programs, including self-declared claims, ecolabels, EPDs, and footprint communication

When
When checking the common principles before communicating a product’s environmental performance through labels, declarations, or claims
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Detailed requirements for each type are in separate standards such as ISO 14021, 14024, 14025, and 14026
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Amendment ISO 14020:2022/DAmd 1 at DIS ballot (since July 2026)—current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 14021:2026

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental statements and programmes for products — Self-declared environmental claims

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for self-declared environmental claims that companies make about their products, plus usage conditions and evaluation methods for commonly used terms

When
When using environmental wording or symbols on products, packaging, advertising, or digital channels
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
A different type from third-party certified ecolabels (ISO 14024) and EPDs (ISO 14025)
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Claims the company makes itself, without third-party certification; supporting evaluation documentation must be in place
Edition
Replaces ISO 14021:2016 (including Amd 1:2021)—published June 2026
Related
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ISO 14026:2017

Third-party verificationUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental labels and declarations — Principles, requirements and guidelines for communication of footprint information

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for communicating environmental footprint information about products, plus footprint communication programs and verification procedures

When
When communicating a calculated product carbon footprint or other footprint information externally through labels or reports
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover footprint calculation methods or organization-level footprint communication
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Not a certification standard; includes requirements for procedures to verify footprint information
Edition
Revision approved as a new work item (ISO/AWI 14026, October 2026)—current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 14068:2026

Third-party verificationRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Climate change management — Carbon neutrality

Principles and requirements for achieving and demonstrating the carbon neutrality of organizations and products, under a hierarchy that puts reductions and removal enhancements first and offsets only the remaining footprint

When
When planning to make a carbon neutrality commitment or claim for an organization or product
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Sets no requirements or recommendations for net zero
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Not a certification standard; it sets requirements for carbon neutrality commitments and claims, building on GHG quantification and verification standards
Edition
Replaces ISO 14068-1:2023—published September 2026, with “-1” dropped from the number
Related
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EU Batteries Regulation (EU) 2023/1542

Third-party verificationEU regulation

Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2023 concerning batteries and waste batteries

Sets sustainability, safety, labeling, and battery passport requirements for batteries placed on the EU market, and carbon footprint declaration obligations for EV batteries and other categories

When
When supplying EV or industrial batteries, or their components or materials, into supply chains for the EU market
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Carbon footprint requirements (Article 7) are subject to conformity assessment involving a notified body
Edition
EV battery carbon footprint declarations apply from February 18, 2025, or 12 months after the delegated act on calculation and verification methods enters into force, whichever is later—the delegated act is not yet final as of October 2026
Related
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IFRS S2 2023 edition

Third-party verificationDisclosure standard

IFRS S2 Climate-related Disclosures

The ISSB standard requiring companies to disclose to investors their climate-related risks and opportunities, their Scope 1, 2, and 3 GHG emissions, and other information

When
When listed companies or investors request ISSB-based climate disclosures or supply chain emissions data
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not define a new emissions calculation method (it relies on the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard)
How it’s checked
Third-party verification A disclosure standard, not a certification standard; third-party assurance requirements are set by each jurisdiction
Edition
Effective for annual reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2024. The December 2025 amendments apply to periods beginning on or after January 1, 2027.
Related
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KSSB Sustainability Disclosure Standards Nos. 1 and 2 (2026)

Third-party verificationRecently publishedDisclosure standard

KSSB Sustainability Disclosure Standards No. 1 (General Requirements for Disclosure of Sustainability-related Financial Information) and No. 2 (Climate-related Disclosures)

Korea’s disclosure standards, set by the Korea Sustainability Standards Board of the Korea Accounting Institute based on IFRS S1 and S2 (No. 1: general requirements; No. 2: climate-related disclosures)

When
When a listed company in Korea prepares sustainability disclosures, or customers request emissions and supply chain data for their disclosures
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
The draft’s additional disclosures for policy purposes (No. 101) were excluded from the final standards
How it’s checked
Third-party verification Financial Services Commission (FSC) final plan: third-party verification (assurance) to be phased in from 2030, two years after disclosure becomes mandatory
Edition
Approved and published February 26, 2026. FSC final plan (July 8, 2026): mandatory from 2028 (FY2027) for KOSPI-listed companies with consolidated assets of KRW 10 trillion or more, then phased in more widely.
Related
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Low-Carbon Product certification

Program registration and issuanceKorean certification scheme

Low Carbon Product Certification (Korea)

Certifies products that hold Korean EPD certification and whose carbon footprint is at or below the officially notified maximum allowable carbon emissions, or that meet the minimum reduction rate

When
When you want official recognition of a Korean EPD-certified product’s carbon reductions so you can promote it as a green product
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Cannot be obtained on its own, without Korean EPD certification
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Certified by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) under the “Low-Carbon Product Criteria” public notice
Edition
The maximum allowable carbon emissions are set at the average for similar products over the 6 years before application; where there is none, the minimum reduction rate applies
Related
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Environmental labeling and advertising rules (Korea)

Method or guidanceKorean statutory scheme

Prohibition against Unfair Labeling or Advertising (Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act, Article 16-10)

A statutory regime that prohibits false or exaggerated, deceptive, unfairly comparative, or disparaging environmental labeling and advertising of products, with substantiation requests, corrective measures, and administrative fines

When
When using environmental claims such as “eco-friendly” or “low-carbon” on packaging, in advertising, or on your website
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Not a certification mark scheme like the Korea Eco-Label or the Korean EPD
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Not a certification process; if a violation is suspected, the government can demand substantiation and impose corrective orders and administrative fines
Edition
Legal basis: Articles 16-10 to 16-13 of the Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act
Related
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Korea Eco-Label

Program registration and issuanceKorean certification scheme

Korea Eco-Label Certification

Certifies, against officially notified criteria, products that use less energy and fewer resources and generate fewer pollutants over their life cycle than other products with the same use

When
When you want a product to qualify for public-sector green procurement, or to show its environmental improvements with an official mark
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Different from the Korean EPD, which discloses environmental impact figures
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Certified by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment and the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) under the “Eco-Label Product Categories and Certification Criteria” public notice
Edition
Legal basis: Article 17 of the Environmental Technology and Industry Support Act. In operation since 1992.
Related
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ISO 14024:2026

Program registration and issuanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental statements and programmes for products — Ecolabels

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for ecolabel programs and ecolabels, including product category selection, environmental and functional criteria, and procedures for assessing and certifying labeled products

When
When using or operating an ecolabel scheme that awards labels to products meeting set criteria
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Different from environmental claims companies make themselves (ISO 14021)
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance The ecolabel program sets the criteria, assesses and certifies products, and licenses use of the label
Edition
Replaces ISO 14024:2018—published May 2026
Related
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ISO/TS 14029:2022

Program registration and issuanceTechnical Specification (TS)

Environmental statements and programmes for products — Mutual recognition of environmental product declarations (EPDs) and footprint communication programmes

Requirements and guidance for mutual recognition agreements (MRAs) between EPD programs and footprint communication programs

When
When you want an EPD from one program to be recognized in other countries or programs
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Program registration and issuance Concerns agreements between program operators; companies are not certified against it
Edition
Confirmed in the 2025 systematic review
Related
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GRI 102 2025 edition

Method or guidanceRecently publishedDisclosure standard

GRI 102: Climate Change 2025

GRI Topic Standard for reporting an organization’s climate change impacts, such as GHG emissions and transition and adaptation plans (incorporates revised GRI 305 emissions disclosures)

When
When reporting GHG emissions and climate impacts in a sustainability report prepared under the GRI Standards
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Energy disclosures are covered by GRI 103: Energy 2025
How it’s checked
Method or guidance GRI does not certify reports; external assurance is the reporting organization’s choice
Edition
Released June 26, 2025, and applies to reports published on or after January 1, 2027. Incorporates revised content from GRI 305: Emissions 2016 (305-1 to 305-5) and 201-2.
Related
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TNFD 2023 edition

Method or guidanceRecommendations

Recommendations of the Taskforce on Nature-related Financial Disclosures

Recommendations for disclosing nature-related dependencies, impacts, risks, and opportunities across four pillars: governance, strategy, risk and impact management, and metrics and targets

When
When investors or financial institutions ask for disclosure of biodiversity and other nature-related risks
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Voluntary recommendations, not a legally mandated standard
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
The ISSB plans to publish an exposure draft of a nature-related disclosures Practice Statement, building on TNFD, in October 2026; TNFD has stopped initiating new technical guidance
Related
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06Management systems and beyond16

ISO 14001:2026

CertificationRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management systems — Requirements with guidance for use

Requirements for an organization to establish, operate, and improve an environmental management system (EMS) and manage its environmental responsibilities systematically

When
When customers or tenders require EMS certification, or when building a company-wide environmental management framework
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not certify product carbon footprints or LCA results
How it’s checked
Certification A certification body audits and certifies the organization’s EMS—this is not product certification
Edition
Published April 15, 2026, replacing ISO 14001:2015 and its climate change amendment (Amd 1:2024)—the transition deadline for existing certifications is April 30, 2029 (Global ACI)
Related
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ISO 50001:2018/Amd 1:2024

CertificationInternational Standard (IS)

Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use

Requirements for an organization to establish, operate, and improve an energy management system (EnMS) and steadily raise its energy performance

When
When managing energy use systematically, or when customers or tenders require energy management certification
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not set the level of energy performance improvement to achieve
How it’s checked
Certification A certification body audits and certifies the organization’s EnMS
Edition
Confirmed in the 2024 systematic review. Applied together with Amd 1:2024 (February 2024), which added climate change considerations.
Related
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ISO 14009:2020

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management systems — Guidelines for incorporating material circulation in design and development

Guidelines for using an environmental management system framework to build material circulation (material types and quantities, life extension, recovery) systematically into product design and development

When
When you run ISO 14001 and want to build resource circulation in from the design stage
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not address safety, energy efficiency, performance, or cost
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2026 systematic review
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14031:2021

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Environmental performance evaluation — Guidelines

Guidance on designing and using environmental performance evaluation (EPE) within an organization, regardless of its type or size

When
When setting environmental indicators to measure and evaluate performance over time and inform management decisions
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not set levels of environmental performance to achieve
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Replaced ISO 14031:2013. The 2026 systematic review has closed, with results not yet announced—current edition remains valid.
Related
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ISO 14051:2011

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Material flow cost accounting — General framework

The general framework for material flow cost accounting (MFCA): tracking material flows and stocks within an organization in physical units and evaluating their costs

When
When making material losses and waste visible as costs, to reduce costs and environmental impacts together
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover external costs or detailed calculation procedures
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Its scope states that it is not intended for third-party certification
Edition
Confirmed in the 2025 systematic review
Related
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ISO 14052:2017

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Material flow cost accounting — Guidance for practical implementation in a supply chain

Guidance, based on ISO 14051, on applying material flow cost accounting (MFCA) by sharing information between upstream and downstream organizations in a supply chain

When
When working with suppliers to improve material and energy efficiency across the supply chain
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2022 systematic review
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14053:2021

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Environmental management — Material flow cost accounting — Guidance for phased implementation in organizations

Practical guidance to help organizations, including SMEs, introduce material flow cost accounting (MFCA) in phases that suit their circumstances

When
When you want to start MFCA on a small scale and expand it in phases
How it’s checked, edition, common mix-ups, related standards
Common mix-ups
Does not cover detailed calculation procedures or efficiency improvement techniques
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2026 systematic review
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14090:2019

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Adaptation to climate change — Principles, requirements and guidelines

Principles, requirements, and guidelines for integrating climate change adaptation within or across organizations, and for using impacts and uncertainties in decision-making

When
When building adaptation plans for climate change impacts into an organization’s operations
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Confirmed in the 2026 systematic review
Related
Official page(opens in a new tab)Checked

ISO 14091:2021

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Adaptation to climate change — Guidelines on vulnerability, impacts and risk assessment

Guidance on understanding vulnerability and on designing and carrying out assessments of the risks posed by potential climate change impacts

When
When assessing current and future climate risks to sites and assets as a basis for adaptation planning
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
The 2026 systematic review has closed, with results not yet announced—current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 17298:2025

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Biodiversity — Considering biodiversity in the strategy and operations of organizations — Requirements and guidelines

Requirements and guidelines for organizations to identify their biodiversity impacts, dependencies, and risks and reflect them in strategy, operations, and action plans

When
When identifying your business’s impacts and dependencies on nature and planning a response
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
First edition published October 2025 (ISO/TC 331)
Related
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ISO 50006:2023

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Energy management systems — Evaluating energy performance using energy performance indicators and energy baselines

Guidance on establishing and maintaining energy performance indicators (EnPIs) and energy baselines (EnBs) to measure and demonstrate energy performance and its improvement

When
When you need to show energy savings against indicators and baselines
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
Second edition (May 2023), replacing ISO 50006:2014
Related
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ISO 50015:2014

Method or guidanceInternational Standard (IS)

Energy management systems — Measurement and verification of energy performance of organizations — General principles and guidance

General principles and guidance for the measurement and verification (M&V) of the energy performance of an organization or part of one

When
When the effect of energy improvement actions must be measured and verified through a defined process
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance “Verification” in the title refers to the M&V process; this is not a certification standard
Edition
Confirmed in the 2025 systematic review
Related
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ISO 59004:2024

Method or guidanceUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Circular economy — Vocabulary, principles and guidance for implementation

Core circular economy terms, vision, and principles, with implementation guidance for organizations moving toward a circular economy

When
When learning the shared terms and principles of the circular economy and setting your organization’s transition direction
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
First edition published May 2024—revision in progress (ISO/WD 59004), current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 59010:2024

Method or guidanceUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Circular economy — Guidance on the transition of business models and value networks

Guidance for organizations on reviewing their current value creation models and value networks and shifting from linear to circular

When
When developing a strategy to make your business model and partner network circular
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
First edition published May 2024—revision in progress (ISO/WD 59010), current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 59020:2024

Method or guidanceUnder revisionInternational Standard (IS)

Circular economy — Measuring and assessing circularity performance

Requirements and guidance for measuring and assessing circularity performance by setting system boundaries and collecting data on mandatory and optional circularity indicators

When
When you need to measure how circular your resource flows are and show improvement
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance Defines measurement and assessment methods; it is not a certification in itself
Edition
First edition published May 2024—revision in progress (ISO/WD 59020), current edition remains valid
Related
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ISO 59040:2025

Method or guidanceRecently publishedInternational Standard (IS)

Circular economy — Product circularity data sheet

Requirements and a template for the product circularity data sheet (PCDS), so circularity information can be exchanged when products are bought and sold without disclosing confidential data

When
When requesting or providing product circularity information in a common format across the supply chain
How it’s checked, edition, related standards
How it’s checked
Method or guidance
Edition
First edition published February 2025
Related
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FAQ

Frequently asked questions

Questions that often come up when you first sort out standards and certification. Select any standard cited in an answer to go to its card.

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Can we get “ISO 14067 certification”?

ISO 14067 sets out how to calculate and report a product carbon footprint. Unlike a management system standard such as ISO 14001, it is not something a company gets certified against. Your results can be verified by a third-party verification body, and ISO 14064-3, which defines the verification process, also applies to product GHG statements. ISO itself does not certify or issue certificates, so first confirm what kind of verification your customer means by “certification.” In Korea, two separate schemes also cover carbon footprints: Korea’s EPD program and Low-Carbon Product certification, both run by KEITI.

SourcesISO 14067ISO 14064-3ISOK-EPDLow-Carbon Product certification

How do ISO 14064-1 and 14064-2 differ?

They cover different things. ISO 14064-1 sets requirements for designing, quantifying, and reporting a company’s or organization’s GHG inventory, while ISO 14064-2 sets requirements for baselines, monitoring, quantification, and reporting for projects that aim to reduce emissions or enhance removals. Verification and validation of the results are covered by ISO 14064-3. None of the three is tied to a particular scheme; if you use an emissions trading scheme or a credit program, its requirements apply on top.

SourcesISO 14064-1ISO 14064-2ISO 14064-3

How does ISO 14067 differ from the GHG Protocol Product Standard?

Both calculate a product’s greenhouse gas emissions within the life cycle assessment framework of ISO 14040 and 14044. ISO 14067 is an International Standard that covers climate change impact only and leaves offsetting and external communication out of scope. The GHG Protocol Product Standard is designed for public reporting of product inventories, requires first- or third-party assurance, and does not include offsets in the results. ISO and the GHG Protocol have been developing a joint product-level standard since 2025; until it is published, follow the standard your customer or program specifies.

SourcesISO 14067GHG Protocol Product StandardGHG Protocol (WRI·WBCSD)ISOGHG Protocol

Which standards do we need to follow to get an EPD?

ISO 14025 sets the framework for EPD programs and EPDs, and life cycle assessment under ISO 14040 and 14044 provides the calculation method. The detailed calculation rules come from the product category rules (PCR) of the program you register with; for construction products, the common rules are EN 15804 in Europe or the international standard ISO 21930. ISO 14025, revised in 2026, defines an EPD as an independently verified, LCA-based environmental declaration. Korean EPDs are certified by KEITI. To choose a program, start by checking which ones your sales markets and customers recognize.

SourcesISO 14025ISO 14044ISO/TS 14027EN 15804ISO 21930K-EPDEPD International

Are carbon removal credits issued through ISO certification?

No. Programs such as Puro.earth and Isometric issue credits on their own registries after reviewing the verification report from an independent validation and verification body (VVB). Both programs require VVBs accredited under ISO 14065 or similar standards, and Isometric requires the project design document (PDD) to follow ISO 14064-2 and verification to follow ISO 14064-3. In short, ISO standards provide a common framework for quantification and verification, while program rules govern eligibility and issuance.

SourcesPuro StandardIsometric StandardISO 14064-2ISO 14064-3ISO 14065Puro.earthPuro.earthIsometric

Where can we read the full text of ISO standards?

Full texts of ISO standards can be purchased from the ISO Store or from the ISO member body in each country, and parts of them can be previewed free of charge on ISO’s Online Browsing Platform (OBP). Korea’s ISO member body is the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS). On the Korean Standards Service Network (KSSN), run by the Korean Standards Association, you can search for and buy KS standards as well as foreign and international standards such as ISO and IEC. Each standard’s scope and edition information is available free of charge on its page at iso.org.

SourcesISOISOKorean Standards Association

When a new edition comes out, do we have to switch right away?

When a new edition is published, ISO marks the previous one as Withdrawn, but when you switch depends on the rules of the customer, program, regulation, or certification body that requires the standard. For example, after releasing Methodology v3 (April 2025), PACT required v3 for new calculations, while the GHG Protocol has said its existing standards remain valid until further notice. A new edition of ISO 14001, a certifiable standard, was published in April 2026, and Global Accreditation Cooperation Incorporated (Global ACI) set April 30, 2029, as the transition deadline for existing certifications. Check the edition named in your contract, application, or program rules first.

SourcesISO 14025ISOWBCSDGHG ProtocolISO 14001Global Accreditation Cooperation Incorporated (Global ACI)

References

For each standard’s official page, use the “Official page” link on its card. The sources below are used throughout this page.

  1. ISO · “Certification” · October 13, 2026 iso.org/certification.html(opens in a new tab)
  2. ISO · “Help & support (buying standards, Online Browsing Platform)” · October 13, 2026 iso.org/footer-links/help-support.html(opens in a new tab)
  3. ISO · “Member body: Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS)” · October 13, 2026 iso.org/member/1663.html(opens in a new tab)
  4. Korean Standards Association · “Korean Standards Service Network (KSSN): search and purchase KS and foreign standards” · October 13, 2026 kssn.net/ks/integ.do(opens in a new tab)
  5. ISO · “International harmonized stage codes” · October 13, 2026 iso.org/stage-codes.html(opens in a new tab)
  6. ISO · “ISO and GHG Protocol announce strategic partnership to deliver unified global standards for greenhouse gas emissions accounting” · September 9, 2025 iso.org/news/2025/09/iso-and-ghgp-partnership(opens in a new tab)
  7. GHG Protocol · “ANNOUNCEMENT: ISO-GHG Protocol to Jointly Develop New Product-Level GHG Accounting Standard” · October 27, 2025 ghgprotocol.org/blog/announcement-iso-ghg-protocol-jointly-develop-new-product-level-ghg-accounting-standard-call(opens in a new tab)
  8. GHG Protocol (WRI·WBCSD) · “Product Life Cycle Accounting and Reporting Standard” · October 2011 ghgprotocol.org/sites/default/files/standards/Product-Life-Cycle-Accounting-Reporting-Standard_041613.pdf(opens in a new tab)
  9. GHG Protocol · “GHG Protocol Corporate Suite of Standards and Guidance Update Process” · October 13, 2026 ghgprotocol.org/ghg-protocol-standards-and-guidance-update-process(opens in a new tab)
  10. EPD International · “ISO 14025:2026 is published” · June 30, 2026 environdec.com/news/iso-140252026-is-published(opens in a new tab)
  11. Puro.earth · “Carbon credit certification” · October 13, 2026 puro.earth/cdr-infrastructure/carbon-credit-certification(opens in a new tab)
  12. Puro.earth · “Validation & Verification Requirements v1.3” · March 2026 7518557.fs1.hubspotusercontent-na1.net/hubfs/7518557/Supplier%20Documents/Validation%20and%20Verification%20Requirements%20v1.3.pdf(opens in a new tab)
  13. Isometric · “Isometric Standard v2.1” · October 13, 2026 registry.isometric.com/standard(opens in a new tab)
  14. Catena-X Automotive Network e.V. · “PCF Verification and Certification Framework v2.0” · October 13, 2026 catenax-ev.github.io/docs/rulebooks/CX-NFR-VF(opens in a new tab)
  15. WBCSD · “PACT Methodology Version 3” · June 2, 2026 wbcsd.org/resources/pact-methodology-version-3(opens in a new tab)
  16. EUR-Lex · “Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 amending Regulation (EU) 2023/956 as regards simplifying and strengthening the carbon border adjustment mechanism” · October 8, 2025 eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2025/2083/oj/eng(opens in a new tab)
  17. EUR-Lex · “Directive (EU) 2024/825 as regards empowering consumers for the green transition” · February 28, 2024 eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2024/825/oj/eng(opens in a new tab)
  18. IFRS Foundation · “Jurisdictional relief from using the GHG Protocol Corporate Standard (ISSB Agenda Paper 9D)” · September 2025 ifrs.org/content/dam/ifrs/meetings/2025/september/issb/ap9d-jurisdictional-relief-ghg-protocol-corporate-standard.pdf(opens in a new tab)
  19. ICAP · “Korea Emissions Trading System (K-ETS)” · October 13, 2026 icapcarbonaction.com/en/ets/korea-emissions-trading-system-k-ets(opens in a new tab)
  20. Global Accreditation Cooperation Incorporated (Global ACI) · “Global ACI Publishes Transition Requirements for ISO 14001:2026” · September 14, 2026 global-aci.org/en/news/global-aci-publishes-transition-requirements-for-iso-140012026(opens in a new tab)

Full standard texts must be purchased or viewed through ISO or the issuing bodies; this page explains their scope and how they relate. In practice, apply the edition specified by your client or program. Editions and statuses checked as of .

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